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Acne is an upsetting condition at any stage of life, but it can be especially frustrating in adulthood. Learn what you can do prevent and treat breakouts, and when you should seek medical help.
Acne is no fun for adolescents, most of whom develop at least an occasional pimple. But acne can be devastating for adults, especially women, who are more likely than men to have acne that continues into adulthood, redevelops after years of clear skin, or even makes its first appearance late in life.
There are two types of adult acne:
- Persistent acne. Acne that lasts beyond your mid-20s usually forms on the lower face, especially around the mouth, on the chin, and along the jawline. Unlike the milder acne you may have had as a teenager, persistent acne often causes inflamed pimples and deep-seated nodules or cysts — painful lesions that often lead to scarring.
- Late-onset acne. Even if you sailed through adolescence with nary a zit, you can first develop acne as late as 30, 40, or even during menopause. Late-onset acne can be just as severe as persistent acne, and can affect the chest and back as well as the face.
The Causes of Adult Acne
No matter how old you are, acne results when oil glands in your skin secrete too much sebum, a natural moisturizer you start producing in puberty. When your pores become clogged with excessive amounts of sebum and skin cells, it fosters the growth of the infection-causing bacterium P. acnes. Pimples, nodules, and cysts form as your immune system attacks the infection.
Common triggers of adult acne include:
- Hormones. Fluctuations in female hormones associated with puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause often cause breakouts. Some women develop late-onset acne when they stop taking birth-control pills that contain estrogen and progesterone. If you get pimples during stressful times, the likely culprit is overproduction of the male hormone testosterone, which stimulates oil glands and hair follicles.
- Medications. Although combination birth-control pills can help control acne — and are often prescribed for that purpose — progesterone-only pills can make acne worse. Other common triggers include corticosteroids and some medications used to treat epilepsy and depression, and to maintain sobriety.
- Genetic predisposition. Research shows that 50 percent of adults with acne have at least one first-degree relative (a parent, sibling, or child) who is affected by acne.
- Skin and hair products. Oily sunscreens, hair greases, and some cosmetics can promote a type of acne called "acne cosmetica." To help prevent this condition, only use skin and hair products that are labeled "non-comedogenic" or "non-acnegenic."
Acne Prevention Strategies
Proper skin care is a must. Here's what dermatologists recommend:
- Practice gentle face washing. Wash your entire face from under the jaw to the hairline twice a day with a mild soap or facial cleanser, and then rinse thoroughly. Also wash after heavy exercise. Vigorous washing — especially with strong soaps or a rough scrub pad — irritates the skin and worsens acne.
- Protect your skin. Rule number one is to resist the temptation to pop or pick at your pimples. Also use a non-comedogenic sunscreen of at least SPF 15 when you spend a lot of time outdoors. Contrary to myth, excessive sun exposure isn't good for acne. It prematurely ages skin, increases the risk of skin cancer, and — if you take some acne medications — makes skin more susceptible to sunburn. Also avoid clothing and sports equipment — such as tight hats and backpacks — that rub and irritate the skin.
Acne Treatment Strategies
Adult acne is more difficult to resolve than teenage acne. Products that worked wonders when you were 16 may not be effective at 40. They can also cause dry skin. If you have persistent or late-onset acne, you may need stronger medicine.
Over-the-counter options include:
- Acne remedies containing sodium sulfacetamide and sulfur.
- Topical retinoids, which are vitamin A derivatives that thwart microcomedones, the lesions that precede acne.
- Moisturizers and foundations that contain proven acne-fighting ingredients such as salicylic acid.
If these treatments don't work, consult your family doctor or a dermatologist. Many women with adult acne don't seek professional treatment because they mistakenly believe that nothing can be done.
Prescription options include:
- Topical medications combining benzoyl peroxide and an antimicrobial such as clindamycin or erythromycin.
- Topical medications combining clindamycin and a retinoid.
- Oral antibiotics such as tetracycline, doxycycline, or minocycline.
- Hormonal therapies such as oral contraceptive pills, flutamide and spironolactone (which inhibit male hormones), or hormone replacement therapy.
- Oral isotretinoin, a potent drug that in intermittent and/or low doses can help even patients in their 50s and 60s achieve clear skin.
Caution: Because some of these prescription medications can cause birth defects, it's essential that women of child-bearing age use effective contraception at least one month before treatment, during treatment, and for at least one month after stopping treatment.
If a prescription medication doesn't improve your skin within six to eight weeks, talk to your doctor or dermatologist about changing treatment.
When medications fail to resolve stubborn nodules or cysts, corticosteroid injections can reduce pain and swelling, and reduce the risk of scarring. If scarring does occur, surgical repair options include dermabrasion, fat transfer, and a new technique called photodynamic therapy that incorporates microdermabrasion followed by an acid peel and a laser treatment.
If you have persistent or late-onset acne, don't despair. There's no reason for this common and distressing condition to damage your self-esteem and quality of life. Today's treatments are so effective that almost all cases of adult acne can be resolved.
My Feelings of Acne Home Remedies
The acne began to get worse, I did not use anything on it. I began using small amounts of concealer as I became self conscious about it. While I was 16 I began using full coverage foundations because it was worse. I never touched any products that weren't completely natural and my diet wasn't fantastic. But 6 months into this I changed my diet completely and started using natural products such as tea tree oil and paw paw cream and aloe Vera. I went on vacation for a week and forgot to bring my tea tree oil once and consumed popcorn (which makes me break out) and got an incredibly horrible deep pimple for 3 days. So I bought tea tree oil and it cleared up. I also was in an environment very close to the beach and by the end of the stay my skin was the best it had been for a long time. I tend to eat heaps of fruit and vegetables.
Now my face is at it's absolute worst, the acne has spread to the sides of my face mildly and I have (not very visible) bumps on my forehead. My cheeks rarely get pimples but contain a lot of scarring. My chin is the worst, it constantly contains whiteheads and often gets large pimples. Between my eyebrows also regularly gets small pimples. Here is my diet: I have cut out dairy, sugar, red meats, all processed food. I only eat fruit, veges, chicken, brown pasta, brown rice, etc. I drink 2 litres of water every day. I have 1c green tea every day, I have 1t of apple cider vinegar diluted every day. I use tea tree oil twice a day morning and night. I use apple cider vinegar as a toner once a day. I moisturise with extra virgin olive oil every day and use that to take off my make up. I have tried healthy natural chemical free make ups and they make literally no difference. I get plenty of sleep and am currently not working and have low stress levels. I exercise regularly and walk everywhere. My acne does not seem to be inflamed by my period. Although I get very light periods and often only every 2nd or third month- I am not sure why.. I eat the right amounts and don't over or under exercise. I never sleep with make up on. I wash my face twice a day + a shower. I recently started to exfoliate every few days with raw sugar and water syrup and it makes no difference although my face is smoother and softer. I have tried a natural green clay mask I bought... No difference. I use baking powder sometimes to exfoliate instead of sugar, it feels softer but never changed the acne. I replaced my shower water system with a filtered one to prevent aggravation and I make sure my showers are not too hot. I almost never touch my face although if I have a pimple I will pick it off if I'm about to go out, I know it's bad but it's just too visible otherwise.
If it helps, my skin is very fair and I have very thin hair which tends to get oily. I change my shampoo often and only use good quality ones (and conditioner) and I always avoid letting it touch my face. I don't get body acne except the tiniest occasional pimple or two on my chest neck or back, it's so faint though.
I have tried lemon juice, egg masks, clay masks, baking soda exfoliators, green tea, sugar exfoliation, red wine, tumeric powder... nothing makes it any better or worse.
I feel like it might be internal but my diet is absolutely flawless- no hormones, no dairy, no sugars.
and I haven't always done this so I don't think it's a deficiency.
Make sure you are ready
When you're broken hearted, it's natural to want someone else's arms around you. But you are unlikely to form a good relationship while you're still hankering after your previous partner. So give yourself six months to be single. Try to enjoy it. Catch up with old friends. Decorate your home. Throw yourself into your job. Once you feel happier in your own skin, you'll be more ready for romance.
Play the numbers game
If you're not having much luck in the dating game, try building up your number of friends of both genders. Most of us find romance at work or through our network of acquaintances. If this isn't happening for you, you may need to extend your friendship circle.
Best way to do this is to spend more time on leisure activities that you enjoy, so you speak to other individuals who like the same things. The more friends you have, the more chances you have of meeting that special someone.
Blind dates
Nowadays, we are pretty choosy when it comes to finding love. Few of us meet someone in our home town and stay with them through life. Also, most people have careers and are busy. This can mean finding a special person just doesn't seem to happen.
Loads of people now use lonely hearts ads and online dating sites to find love. Just make sure when do meet face-to-face, you do so in a public place, you let at least one friend know where you're going and you have your mobile with you.
As for speed-dating, this can be fun - especially if you take a mate along. And you never know, that perfect person could be there too.
Introduction agencies
Introduction agencies are a more heavy-duty way of finding a partner. But when individuals aren't having much luck and are keen to settle down, a good introduction agency can narrow the search for you.
Fees can vary enormously and if you're aiming for the elite end of the market, you might be asked to part with anything up to £10,000. If you do go down this route, make sure the agency is a member of the Association of British Introduction Agencies.
How to approach someone you like
If you want to get to know someone better, a good ploy is to involve him or her in some group social event. Indoor bowling is a fun evening for most people. Or you might organised a trip to the theatre and then on to a pub afterwards, so everyone can discuss what they've seen.
With luck you should be near the person you like and be able to talk together without the pressure of it being a 'date'. If things go well, you might progress to suggesting a cup of coffee sometime. And if that is successful, you'll probably feel ready to suggest a cost dinner for two.
 How to tell if someone likes you
People's body language can tell you a great deal about someone's response to you. When someone is interested in you it's likely there'll be lots of eye contact. They will also stand close to you when they speak. And they will possibly squeeze your arm or touch your hand when you're chatting.
As well as smiling, other good signs are if someone breathes with you, and if he or she mirrors your gestures or your posture. And if someone nods when listening to you, this means they are empathetic and pleased to be engaged in conversation with you.
First dates
First dates can be frightening and fraught, so don't expect too much. All you really need to establish is that you are comfortable with the other person and you don't feel physically repelled by them.
Try to do something that does not expect too much of either of you. A movie is a good choice and then dinner afterwards. That way you can at least chat about the film.
Or you might prefer just to meet for a quick drink. Better to underestimate how much time you'll want to spend together than be lumbered with each other for a whole evening.
Contact after the first date
If you've had a good time, there's no harm in testing or phoning to say how much you enjoyed it.
But don't insist on another date if the other person seems less than keen. A gentle 'Would you like to meet up again some time?' should be enough to establish if there's any spark.
If you don't want to meet again, it's good manners to gently let the other person know the truth. Try: 'I thought you very nice, but I don't think we could have the kind of relationship I'm looking for. Good luck for the future.'
How to judge if you want to see them again
Unless you thought the person was truly awful, it's a good idea to agree to a second date - even if you're not sure you're keen on them. This is because first dates are seriously nerve-wracking, which means that people are rarely at their best.
So if your date didn't speak much - or talked far too much - you might need another meeting to find out if their first date behavior was typical or just down to nervousness.
If you don't like what you find on a second date, it's time to cut your losses and move on.
When to take things further
Plenty of people have sex on the first date - and this is fine so long as they are both happy with that and use contraception so neither person picks up an STD or gets pregnant.
But plenty of people do not want to rush things. And no one should be coerced into sex if they're not ready. Always remember that sex should be worth waiting for. If someone isn't prepared to wait, this person is unlikely to be right for you.
 Mistakes and misunderstandings
We all have off days in any romance, so try not to be too quick to jump to the conclusion that it's over just because he or she is late for a date, or hasn't phoned when you'd arranged. A new relationship is bound to have its fair share of mistakes and misunderstandings while you get used to each other.
But if the bad days or lack of consideration persist, you may need to ask yourself if this relationship is doing you good. If it's not, you'll probably feel better about yourself if you're the one who ends it rather than wait to be rejected.
If things go well
Your good friends should be with you for life. Unfortunately, your relationship may not last that long. So even if you are thrillingly and passionately in love, don't forget to make time for mates.
It's never a good idea to lose sight of who you really are as an individual person. So take time off from being a couple and see your pals. They will remind you that you're you - and not just part of a magical couple.
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Wash your face twice a day no matter what. Even if you're tired at night and want to fall asleep in your makeup, don't. Take the time to wash your skin thoroughly with a mild cleanser.
Apply lemon juice to your black pimple marks. With clean fingers, apply small amounts of lemon juice to the marks. Allow the juice to dry completely before rinsing your face with warm water. Repeat this treatment once a day for several weeks to see your black pimple marks turn lighter and become less noticeable.
Apply tretinoin to your black pimple marks once a day. Obtain this cream by prescription from your dermatologist. Apply a small amount directly to your pimple marks, massaging it into your skin until the cream disappears. Though this cream may cause some irritation, it will reduce the appearance of pimple marks and encourage a more even skin tone with consistent use.
Undergo a mild chemical peel in your dermatologist's office. Glycolic or lactic acid will be used. Once your skin is prepared, the acid will be wiped onto your black pimple marks and allowed to sit for several minutes as it penetrates deeply into your skin. Once the acid is removed, your skin may feel tight and look red for a few days. Your skin may also peel and flake. After a few sessions, your black pimple marks should appear lighter and blend in with the surrounding skin color.
.jpg) A baby born with HIV in the United States has been ‘functionally cured’ of the virus, according to research presented yesterday at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI). The ‘Mississippi baby’ was born to an HIV positive mother who was unaware of her status and diagnosed late into labor. As a result, prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) procedures could not be followed, and doctors initiated triple-combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) as a post-exposure prophylaxis; yet after sensitive tests were conducted, the baby was confirmed HIV positive. This continued to be the case up until 20 days of life, after which the virus was undetectable. The baby remained on triple-combination ART until 18 months, when treatment stopped because mother and child did not return to care. When the child returned to treatment at 23 months, it was found that the viral load was still undetectable despite having ceased treatment for 5 months. After further testing, they found a very small amount of inactive HIV in the body, in a state where it was unable to replicate and spread- ‘a functional cure’. This case has garnered significant press attention, and whilst the findings are positive, it should be stressed that very little is known as to why this child has been able to eliminate reproduction of HIV in their body. As a ‘cure’, the model cannot be replicated among adults, or children who have been diagnosed later, as what seems to have worked in this case is a very aggressive attack on the virus, early into life, and before the virus had time to penetrate the CD4 cells. Further research needs to be done on whether or not early initiation of an aggressive ART in infants can be used as a last resort, when PMTCT procedures have not been followed. Also, as the child is still so young, further follow-up is needed to ensure viral replication does not begin later in life. Ultimately, the focus should always be on PMTCT, rather than treatment of an infection or ‘cure’. We know that this is effective – through treatment provision, mother to child transmission is reduced to less than 5%, and is virtually eliminated in high-income countries
दोस्रो पटक गर्भवती भएकोमा २३ वर्षीया इश्वरीलाई खुसी त लागेको छ तर पहिलो गर्भ तुहिएकोले उनलाई फेरि गर्भ तुहिने हो कि भन्ने त्रास पनि त्यत्तिकै छ। पहिलो गर्भ तुहिएपछि स्त्रीरोग विशेषज्ञबाट उपचार गराउँदा यौनरोगको कारणले गर्भ तुहिएको जानकारी पाएकोले उपचार गरे पनि त्यसको तुस अझै बाँकी छ कि भन्ने डर उनलाई लागको छ।
गर्भावस्था आफैं नै विशेष अवस्था हो र त्यसमा स्वाभाविक रुपमा धेरै असजिलाहरू आउन सक्छन्। बच्चा तुहिएको वा खेर गएको अनुभव कतिपय महिलाले गर्नुपरेको हुन्छ र यो आफैंमा एक आघातपूर्ण घटना हो। यसका अनेक कारण हुन सक्छन्। यौनरोगका कारण गर्भ तुहिन सक्छ तर कतिपयलाई यसबारे थाहै हुँदैन। त्यसमा पनि बच्न सकिने यौनरोग लागेर गर्भे शिशु तुहिरहेको हुन्छ, जुन दुःखपूर्ण कुरा हो।
पुरुषहरूको तुलनामा यौनरोगको असर महिलाले बढी खेप्नुपर्ने हुन्छ। प्रतिजैविक (antibiotic) औषधिको विकास र प्रयोगमा व्यापकता आएपछि एचआईभीबाहेक अन्य संक्रमणले पुरुषमा गम्भीर असर पार्ने क्रम घटेको देखिन्छ। कतिपय स्थितिमा प्रभावकारी उपाय उपलब्ध भए पनि सामाजिक, शैक्षिक अनि आर्थिक साथै लै·कि असमानताका कारणले महिलाले यसको भार निकै बोक्नुपरेको पाइन्छ।
यौनरोग भन्नाले सामान्यतया यौनसम्पर्कको माध्यमबाट एक व्यक्तिबाट अर्को व्यक्तिमा र्सर्ने रोगहरू वा संक्रमणलाई जनाउँछ। यौनरोगको संक्रमण यौन वा प्रजनन अंगमा मात्र सीमित नभएर शरीरको अन्य भागमा पनि भएको हुन सक्छ। सामान्य अवस्थामा गर्भ रहनलाई र यौनरोग सर्नको लागि पनि यौनसम्पर्क हुनुपर्छ। त्यसैले गर्भावस्थामा यौनरोग लाग्ने सम्भावना हुन्छ। यौनरोग भएका व्यक्तिसँग यौनसम्पर्क गर्दा यौनरोग र्सछ। त्यसदेखि बाहेक अन्य बेलामा जस्तै- गर्भावस्थामा विभिन्न किसिमका यौनरोग लाग्न सक्छन्। धातुरोग -गोनोरिया), क्लामाइडिया, भिरिंगी, प्रजनन अंगका हर्पिस वा मुसा अनि ट्राइकोमोनासदेखि एचआईभीसम्मका संक्रमण गर्भावस्थामा हुन सक्छन्।
गम्भीर असर पार्ने यौनरोग
यौनरोगले गर्भ रहेकी वा नरहेकी दुवैलाई असर पार्छ। कतिपय स्थितिमा गर्भावस्थाको असजिलोपनलाई यसले झनै खराब बनाइदिन सक्छ। यसका साथै यौनरोगको असर शिशुमा पनि पर्न सक्छ र कतिपय स्थितिमा गम्भीर प्रकृतिको असर पनि पर्न सक्छ। बच्चाहरूमा हुने एचआईभी प्रमुख रुपमा आमाबाट सरेको दखिएको छ। गर्भवती महिलालाई लागेका सबै रोग गर्भे शिशुमा र्सर्दैन। सालले धेरै संक्रमणहरूलाई बच्चामा सर्न नदिई जोगाउँछ। तर केही संक्रमणहरू भने सालको छेकबारलाई पनि छिचोलेर शिशुमा संक्रमण गर्न पुग्छन्।
गर्भवती हुँदा सबै संक्रमणबाट बच्ने प्रयास गरिए पनि सधैँ यो सम्भव हुँदैन। संक्रमणको प्रभाव आमा वा बच्चामा कम गर्न भने सकिन्छ। कतिपय संक्रमणहरू रगतको परीक्षण गरेर थाहा पाउन सकिन्छ। आफैंलै गर्न सकिने सरसफाइमा ध्यान दिँदा धेरै संक्रमणबाट बच्न सकिन्छ तर यौनरोगहरूबाट बच्न भने सुरक्षित यौनसम्पर्क गर्ने बानी हुनुपर्छ।
गर्भावस्थामा यौनरोग लाग्दा पाठेघरको संक्रमण, गर्भ तुहिने, समय नै नपुगी बच्चा जन्मनेजस्ता जोखिम बढी हुन सक्छन्। कुनै एक किसिमको यौनरोग छ भने अर्को लाग्ने सम्भावनालाई पनि नकार्न सकिन्न। गर्भावस्थाभन्दा पहिले वा पछि यदि यौनरोगलाई राम्ररी उपचार गरिएको छैन भने जटिलता उत्पन्न भई डिम्बवाहिनी नली नै साँगुरो हुन सक्छ, जसले पाठेघरभन्दा बाहिर नै गर्भ रहने सम्भावनालाई बढाउँछ। धेरै साँगुरो वा बन्द नै भएमा बाँझोपन गराउन सक्छ।
यौनरोग लागेको थाहा पाउने उपाय
नेपालमा गर्भावस्थामा नियमित रुपमा गर्भजाँच गराउने र त्यसको गुणस्तरियता अझै पनि न्यून नै छ। राम्ररी गर्भपरीक्षण गरिने स्थानमा यौनरोग लाग्ने सम्भावना भए/नभएको सोधखोज गरिन्छ र केही हदसम्म त परीक्षण पनि गरिन्छ। तर आफू बच्नको लागि आफ्नो वा आफ्नो यौनसाथी वा श्रीमान्को एकभन्दा बढी व्यक्तिसँग यौनसम्पर्क हुने गरेको छ र सुरक्षाका उपाय अपनाइँदैन भने जोखिम बढी हुन्छ। त्यसैले यस्तो संक्रमण छ वा छैन, खोजिनीति र परीक्षण गर्नुपर्छ।
गर्भपरीक्षणको बेलामा गर्भावस्थालाई जोखिममा पार्ने सबै नै संक्रमणका परीक्षणहरू सामान्यतया गरिंदैन, त्यसैले आफूलाई कुनै शंका छ भने त्यसबारे सोधखोज गर्नुपर्छ। तत्काल कुनै रोग छ जस्तो नलागे पनि पहिले केही त्यस्तो रोग लागेको भए चिकित्सकलाई जानकारी दिनुपर्छ। किनकि केही संक्रमणहरू सुसुप्त अवस्थामा रहेका हुन्छन्।
यौनरोगको प्रकृति हेरेर लक्षणहरू फरक-फरक हुन सक्छन्। यौना·मा घाउ आउनु, अस्वाभाविक योनिद्राव हुनु, तल्लो पेट दुःख्नुजस्ता लक्षणहरू हुन सक्छन्। योनिद्रावमा केही परिवर्तन स्वाभाविक रुपमा नै गर्भावस्थामा आउन सक्छ भने तल्लो पेट दुःख्ने कुरा पनि गर्भावस्थामा गर्भ रहेकै कारणले हुन सक्छ।
यौनरोगको प्रकृति र अवस्था हेरी यौनसम्पर्क गर्दा दुख्ने, रगत आउने, पिसाब फेर्दा पोल्ने वा ज्वरो आउनेजस्ता लक्षण हुन सक्छन्। अर्कोतिर कतिपय यौनरोगले सशक्त रुपमा आक्रमण गरे पनि कुनै लक्षण नै नदेखिएको हुन सक्छ। कतिपय यौनरोगका लक्षणहरु यौना·को वरिपरि केन्द्रित पनि हुँदैनन्।
एचआईभीको संक्रमण हुँदा देखिने ज्वरो आउने वा शरीरमा गिर्खा आउने कुराले सीधै यौनरोग लागेको शंका गर्न कतिलाई गाह्रो हुन्छ भने कमलपित्त बी -हेपाटाइटिस बी)को संक्रमण हुँदा ज्वरो आउने, वाकवाकी लाग्ने, थकाइ लाग्ने अनि आँखा वा छाला पहेँलिने कुरालाई पनि हत्तपत्त कसैले यौनरोग भनेर सुरुमा शंका गर्दैन। एचआईभी वा हेपाटाइटिस बी यौनसम्पर्कदेखि बाहेक अन्य तरिकाले पनि सर्ने गर्छ।
यौनरोगबाट बच्न सकिन्छ
यौनरोगबाट बच्ने सर्वोत्तम उपाय भनेको कुनै पनि प्रकारको यौनरोग नलागेको एक जना व्यक्तिसँग मात्र यौनसम्पर्क गर्नु हो। आफूलाई वा आफ्नो यौनसाथी वा श्रीमान्लाई यौनरोग लागेको शंका छ भने त्यसको राम्रो उपचार नगराएसम्म त्यस्ता व्यक्तिसँग यौनसम्पर्क राख्न हुँदैन। यौनसम्पर्क गर्नुपर्ने स्थितिमा प्रत्येक पल्ट कण्डमको प्रयोग गर्नुपर्छ। यौनरोग लाग्ने निकै नै जोखिम छ वा घरसँगै बस्ने कुनै सदस्यलाई कमलपित्त बी -हेपाटाइटिस बी) छ भने त्यसविरुद्धको खोप लगाउनुपर्छ।
गर्भावस्थामा यौनरोगको उपचार
गर्भावस्थामा पनि यौनरोग लागेमा धेरैजसो स्थितिमा उपचार गर्न सकिन्छ। विशेष गरेर भाइरसका संक्रमणलाई निको नै हुने गरेर उपचार गर्न सकिन्न। गर्भावस्थामा कतिपय औषधि खाँदा गर्भमा रहेको शिशुलाई नकारात्मक असर गर्ने भएकोले विशेष सावधानी अपनाउनुपर्छ। त्यसको लागि चिकित्सक तथा स्त्रीरोग विशेषज्ञको सल्लाहमा गर्भे शिशुलाई कुनै असर नगर्ने किसिमका औषधिहरू प्रयोग गर्नुपर्छ। कतिपय उपचार वा व्यवस्थापन रोगलाई निको पार्ने भन्दा पनि बच्चालाई सर्न नदिने किसिमका हुन्छन्। यससम्बन्धमा अघिल्लो पृष्ठको तालिकामा थप स्पस्ट पारिएको छ
यौनसम्पर्क मानवजीवनको एउटा महत्त्वपूर्ण पक्ष हो। पारिवारिक जीवनको मेरुदण्डको रुपमा यौनसम्पर्क रहेको हुन्छ। सन्तानको जन्म नै यौनसम्पर्कबाट सुरुआत भएको हुन्छ। कतिपयलाई गर्भावस्थाको बेलामा यौनसम्पर्कबाट परहेज गर्नुपर्छ भन्ने लागेको पाइन्छ तर त्यो सत्य होइन। स्वस्थ अवस्थामा गर्भावस्थामा यौनसम्पर्कको आनन्द उठाउन सकिन्छ। तर यौनसाथी वा श्रीमान्-श्रीमतीमध्ये कसैलाई यौनरोग लागेको छ भने विशेष सावधानी अपनाउनुपर्छ। केही समय यौनसम्पर्कमा परहेज गरी यौनरोगको राम्ररी उपचार गरेर निको पार्नुपर्छ।
कतिपय गर्भपरीक्षण गर्ने केन्द्र वा स्थानमा यौनसम्बन्ध र यौनरोगका बारेमा खुलेर कुरा गर्ने वातावरण हुँदैन। त्यस्तो गोपनीय वातावरणको व्यवस्था गर्ने दायित्व स्वास्थ्य सेवा दिने संस्था वा व्यक्तिको हो भने गोपनीय वातावरणमा परीक्षण र कुराकानी गर्न पाउनु कुनै पनि महिलाको अधिकार हो। कुनै पनि महिलाले यसको माग गर्नुपर्छ भने अर्कोतिर यौनसम्बन्धी कुरा स्वास्थ्यकर्मी वा चिकित्सकलाई सोध्न हिचकिचाउनु हुँदैन। सानो शंकोचले आफू र सन्तानलाई दीर्घकालीन असर पर्न सक्छ।
गर्भावस्थामा हुने यौनरोग रोकथामका लागि स्वास्थ्य संस्थाले गर्नुपर्ने कार्यहरु
कुनै यौनरोग वा प्रजनन अंगको संक्रमण छ/छैन र पहिले स्वतः गर्भपतन वा समय नपुगी प्रस्रव भएको छ/छैन, लेखाजोखा गरी सोधखोज गर्ने।
भिरिंगी छ/छैन, परीक्षण गरी उपचार गर्ने, साथै यौनसाथी -श्रीमान्)को उपचार गर्ने।
गर्भ तुहिएको वा समयभन्दा पहिले बच्चा जन्मेको भेटिए ब्याक्टेरियल भ्याजिनोसिस तथा ट्राइकोमोनियासिसको परीक्षण गर्ने।
एचआईभी संक्रमणका बारेमा परामर्श गरी त्यसको परीक्षण गर्ने। एचआईभी भएको भेटिएमा उपयुक्त सेवाकेन्द्रमा प्रेषण गर्ने।
कसरी यौन तथा प्रजनन अंगको संक्रमणबाट बच्ने र स्वस्थ गर्भावस्था अनि प्रजनन क्षमतालाई सुरक्षित राख्ने भनेर गर्भवती तथा उनको यौनसाथीसँग छलफल गर्ने।
बच्चाको जन्म योजना, त्यसको तयारी र बच्चा जन्मेपछिको परिवार नियोजनको बारेमा छलफल गर्ने।
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